Old Guangzhou, new story

Guangzhou Yongqingfang characteristic cultural commercial pedestrian district. Figure/Visual China

Old Guangzhou, new story

STYLE = \”Text-Align: Center;\” Data-Track = \”75\”> Our reporter/Li Jing

Send at 2021.12.6 Total 1023 \”China News Weekly

\”Today, drink tea?\”

In the early morning, the sun just climbed to the outer wall on the streets of Ensing Road, and the old house on both sides of the road came out of Old neighborhood greets each other. The copper art shop that has not opened the door has begun to \”Dingdang\”. Not far away from Yongqing Square, Cantonese opera drama hangs his voice. Mixed together, intertwined the live -colored old incense lives in Xiguan City, Guangzhou.

You only need to walk out of 200 meters, take the No. 1 line at Huangsha Station of the subway, and drive east to more than 20 minutes. When you stand out from the sports West Road, it is the flowing light and skyscraper. The sports center, with the new landmark of Guangzhou- \”Xiaoman waist\” across the river.

In the old days, there was a saying of\” Miss Xi Guan, Master Dongshan \”, the decent East Mountain, classical graceful Xiguan, this short word, the century -old vicissitudes of the old Guangzhou and the storm Change. This thousand -year -old capital of the traditional city of traditional cities was established during the Tang and Song dynasties. The traditional culture of the west was accumulated in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The modern culture of the eastern area rose in modern times. In the renovation of the old town and ancient villages, Guangzhou has also grieved a unique \”micro -transformation\” model of reviving the vitality of the old city neighborhood and continuing the activation and update of the city\’s context.

In April 2019, Guangzhou\’s urban renewal of the New Deal\” Guangzhou City in -depth Implementation Implementation Implementation Rules \”was introduced, requiring old villages to renovate the focus on historical culture and natural ecological protection. In July 2021, the Guangzhou Municipal Government also stated in the \”Guangzhou Urban Renewal Regulations (Draft for Opinions)\” that the urban renewal operation strictly controls large -scale demolition, and \”micro -transformation\” takes into account cultural heritage and industrial renewal.

As a symbol of social civilization, the city is the result of the shaping of human behavior. Since the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Guangzhou, which has been responsible for a foreign trade town, has been brewing an open, tolerant and pragmatic Lingnan culture as a gateway that has never been closed in China. It has transformed this ancient capital everywhere and is also infiltrated in the thousand -year -old city change.

\”Micro Transformation\” activated urban memory

86-year-old professor Huang Tianzheng at the Chinese Department of Sun Yat-sen University is Huang Tianzheng. The authentic old Guangzhou, when he was born in 1935, the Ensun Road, who is now known as \”the most beautiful old street in Guangzhou\”, was only completed for 4 years. In the memories of childhood, Baoyuan Road and Yongqingfang were only a few hundred meters away from their own homes. Many classmates and relatives lived. He stepped on Ma Shi Road every day and walked through these streets. , And came out of another door and passed through the alley instantly. Whether it is a residential or commercial building, it is usually a ride, which is usually a piece of one. It does not need to bring an umbrella when it rains.

A copper shop in Yongqingfang. Figure/Visual China

In 1952, he was admitted to Sun Yat-sen University, and Huang Tianzheng left Xiguan, who had grown since childhood. But as long as he is free, he will always come back. A few months ago, he just went to Xiguan, just to see that Yongqingfang, who had become the Internet Red District. The neighborhoods of the trendy shops, cafes, and bustling crowds are of course not the alleys where the mother -in -law and mother -in -law live in his memory, but he feels familiar. Huang Tianzhang told China News Weekly that he is not learning architecture, and he does not particularly understand the specific technique of \”micro -transformation\”. He just thinks that those districts are like childhood partners. \”As soon as I saw \’he\’, the image I saw when I was a kid was reproduced.\”

Maybe, this is the investigation of General Secretary Xi Jinping in Yongqingfang, Liwan District, Guangzhou It is said, \”Let the city leave memories and let people remember nostalgia.\”

Just a few years ago,\” micro -transformation \”was still a new word. Song Gang, the founder of the Paoliang Society and the main creative designer of Yongqingfang, just took over the Yongqingfang project in 2015. Many buildings in the entire area have collapsed. Shao. At that time, Guangzhou had proposed a reduction plan in the old town to protect the old district texture and traditional riding streets. However, how to explore a new set of new paths for old cities can not be followed.

Since it cannot be\” demolished and large -scale \”, Song Gang finally retained the original planning and design for Yongqingfang. \”New\” is organically combined. The overall reconstruction design is mainly based on repair and upgrading, not a one -size -fits -all process of \”reservation\” or \”repair\”. He hopes that the project will become a city with urban life and a fulfilling business, rather than blind retro shells.

In this way, the test and construction test is great. In terms of design, one household and one strategy, each house out of the drawing alone, carefully screen according to different situations, carry out corresponding transformation, and maintain the overall sense of continuation of the neighborhood. Construction also needs to be discussed repeatedly. For example, the repair of the facade is finally adopted to use the method of clearing water brick walls, and carefully retain the original facade. This must be reinforced while removing. The original facade is intact. The historical details that are not noticed in the neighborhood, such as carving, iron railing, wooden windows, tours, etc., the design team also takes pictures one by one during the survey, requiring the original appearance as much as possible.

The marginalization of the old city is essentially a problem of urban ecology. It does not help solve the dilemma of urban life content. Operation. When Song Gang and his team evaluated all buildings in the early days, they had already deduced the suitable format for each building for layout. For example, if you enter the deeper and deeper, do the office with quiet inside, and do business by relying on exterior and highly available. The facade of the commercial building is as large as possible to open the window as much as possible to attract the crowd.

To satisfy the many design teams that are not the biggest thing in the design team. The biggest difficulty of the renovation of Yongqingfang is that only 70 % to 80 % of the units to be transformed are public property and others are private property. Song Gang and the team not only need to design the plan, but also need to coordinate and persuade them. There are even uncle and aunt who come to direct him: \”Hey, you can\’t design this way, it should be …\” He remembers that there are 80 houses that need to be renovated in the first phase of Yongqingfang. It will even change dozens of editions. \”Indeed, the drawing is constantly changing, and the construction process is repeatedly tangled and adjusted.\” Song Gang recalled \”China News Weekly\”.

Today, Yongqingfang, as the benchmark project of the old city of Guangzhou, has become a national intangible cultural heritage district. In October 2021, Guangzhou Yongqingfang was protected and activated The project has won the Architectural Design Award of the China Society of Construction. >

Aviation Yongqing Fang Historical District. Figure/ Visual China

Song Gang admitted that when he took over this project, the cognitive depth of the so-called\” micro-transformation \”was far less than the present, and the overall functional positioning of the neighborhood was still blurred. There is accurate grasp, and I did not expect that the final project would be raised to such a height. For historic houses with historical value, restore, restore, and reinforcement, and loyally restore the historical appearance as much as possible; on the other hand, it also goes to rough depository and boldly introduces the transparent, open, flexible, and creative elements required by modern formats. In the shared atrium in the central government, Song Gang completely opened the position of the bamboo tube house and introduced fresh air and sunlight. This is a tailor-made design of shared office communities. \”>

Coming in the industry professionalsSharp criticism, believed that the new concept destroyed the original Lingnan taste of the ancient city. However, the people in Guangzhou quickly accepted the transformed Yongqing Square, and Yongqingfang was rejuvenating. According to the initial positioning, after the completion of Yongqingfang, it introduced office, supporting apartments, education and other industries. But after five years of development, its merchants are becoming more and more diversified, and coffee shops, theaters, and cultural and creative shops have gathered here. Whenever you come to Yongqingfang, you can see the \”literary youth\” everywhere, and the weekend night is endless.

The most precious thing is that in the park that was renovated in the final transformation, while commercial and cultural activities were overwhelming, while seamlessly connected the daily life of the old neighborhood that was reluctant to move away. The net red cafe, next to the Japanese -style jewelry shop, or even upstairs, the old residents of the terrace are turned around, and then the old craftsmen sitting at the doorstep of the door of the doorstep are on the terrace. , I do n’t make any money, just because I lived in the old street for a lifetime and a little craftsmanship. I do n’t want to be idle, and I do n’t want to be idle.

Literary youths look for selfies, and the elderly who are watching TV in the half -cover door are indifferent to the lively outside. Different worlds are intertwined, and the noise of business and the lives of the lives of the market, tolerance and symbiosis with each other, which also makes Yongqingfang unsmoving the sense of art or symbols, but exudes real humanity and fireworks. This seemingly strange but harmonious urban space seems to only appear in Guangzhou, and only here can it be unaccounted.

Guangzhou Beijing Road and the historical relics. Photography/Ji Dong

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Guangzhou, born towards the water and flooding by the water, was once a river city like a river. Until the 1970s, Guangzhou people were still used to the Pearl River that passed through the city Known as \”sea

;-TT-Darkmode-COLOR: #A3A3A3; \”> In ancient times, the indigenous people in Guangzhou were\” Yue \”, and the beginning of the city of Guangzhou seemed to be the\” Nanwu of the Spring and Autumn Period \”recorded in the Ming people\’s\” Baiyue Xianzhi \”. City. At that time, the Yue people cultivated tree art, Yuhai Hai Mountain, and the Spring and Autumn Period of the Spring and Autumn Period was conquered. With the Wuling barrier, it was still Qing Haiyan. , Zeng archeological discovery of jade ring more than 4,000 years ago. span style = \”color: #000000; –tt-Darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;\”> With Qin Shihuang wiped out the six kingdoms, in 221 BC, the Qin faction 500,000 troops went south. The Vietnamese army is far less than the Qin army, but the Yue people who broke the tattoo and the Qin Army fought for ten years, so that the Qin people could not step into the land of Baiyue. Only after the local support was gradually obtained. There are common points in them, and they will collide out the deepest genes in Lingnan culture-innovation and change.\”130\”>

Huanghuagang Uprising, Guangzhou Uprising … modern Guangzhou is the source of the Chinese revolution. Liu Lizi, deputy director of the Institute of Urban Culture of the Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences, told China News Weekly that in the mainstream culture of China, maybe Lingnan culture may not be so prominent, but whenever China encounters a bottleneck in development, it is a key historical history, which is a key historical history. On the node, Lingnan culture, or Cantonese with Guangzhou as the core, shows their strong spiritual and execution. From the key events in modern history to the reform and opening up after the founding of New China, this is the case.

Innovation and changes, breeding strong openness and integration capabilities, which is closely related to the status of commercial port since Guangzhou, and also affects Guangzhou\’s entire city space. From the Han Dynasty to the Six Dynasties, Guangzhou\’s commerce, especially overseas trade, was quite active and extended from Southeast Asia to India, Sri Lanka and the Arabian Peninsula. Beginning in the Tang Dynasty, Guangzhou further became the main import and export port and world -renowned trade port cities in the country. The Tang Dynasty set up a foreign trade manager\’s market in Guangzhou, which is the earliest foreign trade official in China. Nowadays, the area of ​​Huangpu to Temple is a natural foreign port that was parked in overseas vessels that year. The Pearl River Baiyangtan in the city is a deep -water inner port that is moored by Chinese and foreign merchants. It is prosperous and lively.

\” Old Tang Book \”records that one year alone in 770 AD, more than 4,000 sea vessels entered and exited Guangzhou Port. The prosperity of foreign trade has made overseas businessmen gather in Guangzhou, Tang Dynasty, and the number is as large as 100,000. Many people settle in Guangzhou and are called Tangfan people. The Guangzhou government has drawn out the area of ​​the west (now Guangta Road). The river is bounded by the river and lives in the Tang Fan people. It is called \”Fangfang\”.

After the Song Dynasty, the\” Fanfang \”in the west of Guangzhou and the old city in the eastAnd many times, until the 42nd year of Jiajing (1563) in the Ming Dynasty, Guangzhou City carried out the last large -scale expansion. , Taikang Road, crossing Xiushan. At this point, the scale of Guangzhou City is final. In the Qing Dynasty more than 200 years until before the founding of New China, the area and scale of Guangzhou City maintained their original state.

Since ancient times, the port advantage has been used to the\” one -sided business \”of the Qing Dynasty, so that Guangzhou has always been at the forefront of receiving foreign culture. The spirit of compatible and inclusiveness in Lingnan culture is gradually reflected in urban space construction and planning. The most representative building is riding a building. This typical outer corridor -style building can be traced back to the Greek \”Paton Temple\” about 2500 years ago. Later, British colonists were brought into India and other South Asian countries such as India. Guangzhou overseas Chinese brought this Nanyang Western heterogeneous architectural culture back to Guangzhou.

Although the Guangdong -Pie Tower is imported, it has been improved according to local conditions. The Guangzhou people expanded the porch into a corridor along the street. Windows, you can see the shop\’s products at a glance under the corridor. The appearance has also been incorporated into the traditional Chinese architectural elements. For example, the walls are mostly Chinese -style water brick materials. Among them, the most Chinese architectural characteristics are the unique logo of the West Guan Big House -Manchuria Window -solid wood window frame embedded with yellow and green or painted Small glass, the eaves of the top of the top also make a soft arched top with Chinese characteristics. Guangzhou people combined western architecture with tradition without leaving traces, and eventually became self -contained.

Some well-known landmarks in Guangzhou.

The ride building is the most vivid annotation of Guangzhou\’s thousand -year -old business and Lingnan culture. It is like the traditional Guangdong traditional snacks and the porridge: \”Let go of everything, then it is delicious. The porridge is mixed, beef, and fish fillets, and the mixed is blending. Different nutrition, different tastes. It can be said that the building is the pragmatic attitude of Guangzhou people in inheritance and innovation and the materialization of learning wisdom. They neither split tradition, nor dead tradition, and never use a single standard to look at things. This kind of open, rational and pragmatic Cultural spirit is always accompanied by Guangzhou\’s economic and social change. = \”COLOR: #000000;-TT-Darkmode-COLOR: #A3A3A3;\”> In the 1920s and 1930s, it was a peak period for the construction of the building. At that time, the ride -up building went to the entrance of the \”New Yitai\” store in Zhongshan Fourth Road. At a glance, the building was dense. When opening the shop to do business, when turning over the wind and rain, people are standing downstairs to avoid the rain … It is the lively life and memory of the older generation of \”old Guang\”. Track = \”148\”>

Open a picture The old Guangzhou map, in the area of ​​about 15 square kilometers in the old city, has been densely distributed with 59 riding street sections, with a total length of more than 40 kilometers. p>

During this period, Guangzhou\’s urban developmentThe center of gravity gradually moved east. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Guangjiu Railway started construction. The design and builders of Western education gathered near the East Lake. They drank coffee and play tennis. The modern urban lifestyle gradually left a mark on the eastern city. Subsequently, Americans built their first church in Dongshan to return to enlightenment from overseas Chinese, professors, doctors, foreign licensed people, senior politicians, industrialists, and other enlightened people. Buying a land on the area around the Da Road and many western villas have been built, such as Chen Gongguan and Baiyun Building. Eastern Guangzhou began to form modern urban characteristics. At the same time, due to the dense business of the west of the city, it is located in shopping malls, post and telecommunications buildings, etc., which are closely related to the lives of citizens. When airports, hospitals, and universities require large -scale modern city products to appear, they also choose the east naturally.

\” The Past of Shangdu: Guangzhou Urban History Research Notes \”, Pan An of the Guangzhou Municipal Planning Association, Pan An told China News Weekly that from the period of the Republic of China, east of Guangzhou in east of Guangzhou from life, urban ecology or urban ecology or urban ecology or urban ecology or urban ecology or urban ecology or urban ecology or urban ecology or urban ecology or urban ecology or urban ecology or urban ecology or urban ecology The urban personality and functions have increasingly reflected the characteristics of modern cities, and gradually form a different urban temperament with the Xiguan area.

Tao Taoju, located in the upper and lower nine -step streets of Guangzhou. Photography/Xiaoxiong

Lingnan culture tolerance is open and openNarrative logic

The compatibility of Lingnan culture is not only reflected in the outside, but also in the inside, it is infiltrated with a secular tolerance. Compared with other cultures, Lingnan culture is more marketable, but this kind of market is not vulgar, but because it is rare, and more casual and free. The city can develop more according to their own wishes, and the people are more concerned about their lives.

This makes Guangzhou a city in China earlier in public space in China. In 1884, Zhang Zhidong established the earliest museum in China on the basis of the Guangzhou Practical Museum. Before the Reform Movement of the Wuxi, Liang Qichao and other improved factions established the \”Wanmu Cottage Collection\” together, which opened an important attempt for the Guangzhou Modern Library.

Before the reform and opening up in the 1980s, Guangzhou still retained a set of self -narrative logic, and some small -scale relaxed and lively modernist buildings were built. The style of the entire city has not changed greatly.

The real changes In the tide of modernization in three thousand years, Guangzhou is like most cities in China, and has not escaped the roar of machines and advances.

For example, the Dongshan Meihua Village with Nanyang Garden Villa was built during the Republic of China. This was included in the scope of protection.In the mid -1990s, Meihua Village was demolished only one Chen Jitang Mansion.

The detours of the renovation of the old city in Guangzhou at the end of the last century were actually the epitome of many historical and cultural cities in China. \”Due to the one -sided understanding of the entire society, many people think that high -rise buildings, car water, viaducts, and large squares are the image of urban prosperity. In the early stage of reform and opening up, although our economy has developed rapidly, the values ​​and aesthetics of officials and people Still in the poverty era. \”Li Xiaojiang, the former dean of the China Urban Planning and Design Institute, told China News Weekly,\” In fact, the road is for car, and small streets and lanes are used. \” >

Cantonese opera \”Biography of White Snake · Love\”. Photography/Ji Dong

It is difficult for anyone to jump out of the era where they are. Recalling that period of history, Pan An, who had served as the director of the Guangzhou Urban Planning Bureau from 2003 to 2007, sighed \”China News Weekly\”: \”At that time, there were difficulties in that era. In many failed lessons, we finally understood How to build your own city, of course, standing back today, we often think, how good it would be more far-sighted at that time. br>

The destruction of historical and culture of the old city of Guangzhou was curbed around 2000. Development strategy. In order to obtain detailed information in comprehensive protection planning, the scope of historical urban areas is defined as the focus and core of the protection of the historical and cultural cities in Guangzhou since then, and the protection methods of the contours of the ancient city and the height of the building are proposed. data-track = \”176\”>

2019 In January, when Guangzhou\’s first laws and regulations for the protection of the Tower Street, the \”Guangzhou City Qianlou Street Protection and Utilization Plan\” was introduced, it has figured out the \”home bottom\” of Guangzhou Qianlou -a total length of the traditional cyclone street. Compared with more than 40 kilometers, although the ride tower has lost a lot, it still retains more than half. Track = \”179\”> Those old residents who are unwilling to leave their homeland have not been forcibly moved out of urban construction. The village can be partially retained, which also allows the city to have considerable error correction. \”Even due to the impact of the external environment, the development trajectory has deviated, and it can quickly return to its track after the external force weakens. Pan An, former director of the Guangzhou Urban Planning Bureau.

Cantonese life power

\”> Walking in the streets of GuangzhouIt is always easy to find traces of urban growth. The old -fashioned bamboo tube house stands together. The fish -scale tiles have the rhythm of the traditional dwellings of Lingnan. The simple bungalows, shops, and even kindergartens and schools around them are mixed with each other. The inner ring is staggered.

\” Mixed Urban Physics \”, this is Guangzhou in the eyes of Song Gang, the main creator of Yongqingfang. He uses Tianjin as a control: also a large city with rich historical styles, Tianjin has a strong overall order, showing strong planning. In contrast, Guangzhou\’s citizens are well -developed, economic active, and the spontaneous and natural nature of urban construction. They pay more attention to their own needs and feelings, not rules and significance.

This coincides with Li Xiaojiang, the former dean of the Chinese Urban Planning and Design Institute. He has participated in the Guangzhou urban development plan many times. My own life concept is living. \” The two seemingly opposite qualities of the fierce and calm and pragmatic are magically unified at the spiritual level of Guangzhou people.

The development of citizens has also helped Guangzhou gradually explore the road in urban governance. At the end of 2006, the renovation of Ensun Road Language Dangerous House was launched as the \”central\” (Dongjin, Xilian, Nankuo, Beiyou\’s central urban development guidance policy) in Guangzhou. There are still differences in the understanding of cultural protection, and the planning plan has not been determined.

In November 2007, in 1932, the Golden Sound Cinema, located at the junction of Ensing Road and Baohua Road, was closed due to the\” fire fighting failure \”without money. After several twists and turns, in the dispute between demolition and non -demolition,The Golden Sound Cinema was still dismantled in March 2010, with only more than a brand. For many old west people, the Golden Sound Cinema is not just a cinema, it is a building building built by Overseas Chinese, and it also carries the joyful time of generations.

People in Guangzhou Restaurant in Guangzhou Restaurant at the old -fashioned restaurant in the Lili Bay District of Guangzhou. Photography/Xiaoxiong

In June 2011, the renovation plan of Ensun Road passed the full vote on the Guangzhou Municipal Planning Committee to abandon the basic full demolition ideas and proposed that it will protect the tower, A variety of methods such as the restoration of Heyong will be protected by the historical and culture of the old urban areas. At this time, Guangzhou also proposed to make a reduction plan in the old town, and no longer demolish construction. In March 2015, the Guangzhou Urban Renewal Bureau was officially established to transform the \”three old\” (old town \”(old town, old factories, old villages) and the responsibilities of the improvement of urban and rural living environment. It is the first case in China. Song Gang told China News Weekly that it was in this context that there was a \”micro -transformation\” test of Yongqingfang and eventually succeeded.

In 2016, Guangzhou started the renovation of old communities. According to statistics from Guangzhou, there are 2831 old communities in the city, with a total construction area of ​​about 70 million square meters. As of the end of May 2020, Guangzhou has accumulated 323 \”micro -transformation\” projects in the old community, which benefits40,000 households, 1.5 million people, and 30.94 million square meters of old buildings changed their heads. The poll of the Guangzhou Statistics Bureau shows that 81.5 % of the people interviewed believed that the \”micro -transformation\” of old communities improved the quality of life.

\” Falling Rain, Water immersed in the street \”was a nursery rhyme that was passed down from the streets of Guangzhou. After renovation and transformation of the old village and old streets, it was improved in the entire municipal, greening, transportation, and fire protection. Huang Tianzhang, who came out of the house of Xiguan, said, \”The old house is to be remedied. Not only is it safer, the entire block looks clean and neat, and even the road surface becomes flat.\” It was demolished because of reasons such as \”dilapidated\” and \”dangerous houses\”. It was these residential houses that flowed lively historical blood on their bodies. Soil, nourish the young vitality of the city.

Now Huang Tianzhang lives near Sun Yat -sen University, which is very different from Xiguan, but he feels that the ride tower has not stayed away from himself, especially in recent years, he noticed the new office building and business center. The structure of the lobby lobby is open with the surrounding business, \”Isn\’t this still the building? The style of our Lingnan has not changed.\”

From 2019, Guangzhou began to create a storms and rhapsum corridors, these The corridor seamlessly connects subway stations, bus stations and nearby residential communities and office buildings. When you come out of the subway, you can walk home along the colorful storms, and you can avoid being sunny and windy. In Huang Tianzhang\’s eyes, this is also the \”riding building\”, which is the inner spirit of the Lingnan people- \”The method of thinking of innovation, both to do business and facilitate everyone\’s life, and meet the needs of people.\”

Open and tolerantState, ancient and modern; both Lingnan and international. In those young new districts and new buildings, the Lingnan culture flowing for thousands of years is still alive. And not only architecture, but also lively life, as well as the traditions and culture it carried in the city.

In the\” Working Plan for the Promoting High -quality Deepening Work \”issued in September 2020, the five principles of the transformation of the city in Guangzhou, that is,\” the people\’s city is the people, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high, the high Quality development, ecological protection priority, inheritance and protection of history and culture, according to law and regulations \”; and the goal of its urban renovation, in addition to the\” village and village subway \”, also\” village and villages, villages and villages, \”inherit history The context, maintaining and continuing the traditional pattern and style of historical and cultural cities.